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SED Commands

SED commands and their usages When we need to search, replace, insert, delete in a file then we use SED command. Opening a file in editor and then do search and replace will be lengthy process, to avoid this manual…

AWK Commands

AWK and CUT commands and their usage AWK commands Before going to look at the commands and their usage lets understand why we need AWK, what was the requirement which led us to use AWK commands. So if we need…

GREP Commands

GREP commands and their usages Before understanding about GREP lets understand why we need this and how this is helping us by saving our time from manual works. If I am looking for a particular string/specific pattern from a file…

Basic Linux Commands

List of Basic Linux Commands Create directory Mkdir is the command which we use to create directory, mkdir is short form of make directory. The command structure is as per below. mkdir <directory_name> Example mkdir ivlsi_physicalDesign Change Directory Change directory…

VIAs in VLSI

What are VIAs in VLSI? To connect between different metal layers, we need poly layer along with the metal layers that we are going to connect. These are basically called as VIAs. From the below picture we can see that…

Pitch, Spacing & Offset

Pitch The distance between the center to center of the metal is called as pitch. In the below picture, B is pitch. Spacing Spacing is the distance between the edge to edge metal layers. The distance A is spacing in…

Metal Layers

What are Metal Layers? To route any PG/Clock/Signal we need metal layers. Metal layers connect the points of the two ends.   There can be many numbers of metal layers which has been used to complete the routing. The number…

Routing

Overview of Routing We need the Clock Tree Synthesis database before going to the Route stage in physical design, where we have placed all the cells present in the design. Route creates physical connections to all the logical connections present…